Caracterización clínica del cáncer de próstata potencialmente insignificante en la biopsia prostática / Clinical Characterization of Prostate Cancer Potentially Insignificant in the Prostate Biopsy

Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer el porcentaje de pacientes que, cumpliendo criterios de adenocarcinoma insignificante de próstata en la biopsia, tiene realmente un tumor clínicamente significante en la pieza de prostatectomía, analizando si existe algún factor pronóstico para cáncer clínicamente significante. Material y método: Seleccionamos como cánceres potencialmente insignificantes aquellos con PSA menor igual 10ng/ml, estadio T1c, puntuación de Gleason en la biopsia menor igual 6, afectando un solo cilindro, con menos del 5% de tumor e intervenidos de prostatectomía radical. Analizamos las variables: edad, PSA previo, densidad de PSA, cociente PSA libre/total, volumen ecográfico prostático y la relación con la presencia de cáncer clínicamente insignificante o significante en la pieza quirúrgica. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística múltiple para conocer si alguna de las variables podría tener valor predictivo sobre la presencia de cáncer significante. Resultados: Entre el 1 de enero de 2003 y el 31 de julio de 2009 se realizaron 2.424 biopsias, entre las cuales 77 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Cincuenta y uno (66,23%) presentaron cáncer clínicamente significativo en la pieza de prostatectomía radical. Mediante análisis univariante se comprobó que el volumen prostático fue significativamente mayor y la densidad de PSA significativamente menor en los cánceres clínicamente insignificantes, sin diferencias en el resto de variables estudiadas. El análisis mediante regresión logística muestra la densidad de PSA como único factor con valor predictivo, de tal forma que a mayor densidad de PSA mayor probabilidad de que el tumor sea clínicamente significativo (OR: 25067,101; IC 95%: 26,79–2,34×107; p=0,004). Conclusión: Los hallazgos del presente estudio sugieren que un porcentaje alto de pacientes con sospecha de cáncer de próstata insignificante en la biopsia tienen en realidad un tumor clínicamente significante, siendo la densidad de PSA el único factor predictivo independiente (AU)

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the rate of clinical significant disease (Gleason score major 6 or tumor volume major 0.5 cc in the RP specimen) among patients who had an insignificant prostate cancer on biopsy, evaluating the presence of prognostic factors. Patients and methods: Patients who fulfilled the following criteria were included: PSA minor= 10ng/ml, T1c disease, biopsy Gleason Score minor= 6 affecting minor 5% of only 1 core and who had undergone a radical prostatectomy. The following variables were studied: Age, PSA, dPSA, free/total PSA ratio and prostatic volume assessed by transrectal ultrasound. Results: In a series of 2424 biopsies, 77 patients completely fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with 66.23% (n=51) of clinical significant disease in the prostatectomy specimen. No differences were observed between these patients and those with insignificant disease in age, PSA, free/total PSA ratio. However, prostatic volume was significantly greater and PSA density significantly lower in those patients with an insignificant disease. Statistical analysis using a logistical regression showed that dPSA was the only prognostic factor (OR: 25067.10, CI 95%: 26.79–2.34×107, P=0.004). Conclusions: These findings suggest that a high rate of patients who have a suspected insignificant prostate cancer on biopsy have a clinical significant disease, being dPSA the only independent prognostic factor (AU)

[Clinical characterization of prostate cancer potentially insignificant in the prostate biopsy]. / Caracterización clínica del cáncer de próstata potencialmente insignificante en la biopsia prostática.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the rate of clinical significant disease (Gleason score>6 or tumor volume>0.5 cc in the RP specimen) among patients who had an insignificant prostate cancer on biopsy, evaluating the presence of prognostic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who fulfilled the following criteria were included: PSA ≤ 10ng/ml, T1c disease, biopsy Gleason Score ≤ 6 affecting <5% of only 1 core and who had undergone a radical prostatectomy. The following variables were studied: Age, PSA, dPSA, free/total PSA ratio and prostatic volume assessed by transrectal ultrasound. RESULTS: In a series of 2424 biopsies, 77 patients completely fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with 66.23% (n=51) of clinical significant disease in the prostatectomy specimen. No differences were observed between these patients and those with insignificant disease in age, PSA, free/total PSA ratio. However, prostatic volume was significantly greater and PSA density significantly lower in those patients with an insignificant disease. Statistical analysis using a logistical regression showed that dPSA was the only prognostic factor (OR: 25067.10, CI 95%: 26.79-2.34×10(7), P=.004). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a high rate of patients who have a suspected insignificant prostate cancer on biopsy have a clinical significant disease, being dPSA the only independent prognostic factor.

[Radical cystectomy as a muscle-invasive bladder cancer treatment in elderly patients]. / Cistectomía radical como tratamiento del cáncer vesical infiltrante en el paciente de edad avanzada.

INTRODUCTION: Radical cystectomy in elderly is a controversial issue that increases importance overtime because average life span is growing. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our work was to analize the differences about perioperative and later outcomes between ages of patients with muscle-invasive bladder neoplasm treated with radical cystectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Two age groups were compared: < 70-years-old at time of cystectomy (n = 55) and > or = 70 years (n = 57). RESULTS: There was no difference between both age groups about: time of surgery, intraoperative complications (< 70 = 21,8%, > or = 70 = 31,6%), postoperative mortality (< 70 = 3,6%, > or = 70 = 8,8%), minor (< 70 = 18,2%, > or = 70 = 26,3%) and major medical postoperative complications (< 70 = 7,3%, > or = 70 = 8,8%), late outcomes as cancer-specific morby-mortality and actuarial overall survival stratified by patient age. The rate of major postoperative complications (< 70 = 23,6%, > or = 70 = 43,9%) as well as the mean length of hospital stay (< 70 = 10,2, > or = 70 = 15,2 days) differed significantly between the two age groups. Age and cardiovascular risk factors were independient predictive factors of mayor postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Radical cystectomy could be performed in carefully selected elderly patients.

Cistectomía radical como tratamiento del cáncer vesical infiltrante en el paciente de edad avanzada / Radical cystectomy as a muscle-invasive bladder cancer treatment in elderly patients

Introducción: Realizar una cistectomía radical en ancianos con cáncer vesical infiltrante es un tema controvertido. Objetivo: El objetivo de nuestro trabajo ha sido determinar si existen diferencias significativas en cuanto a la morbimortalidad perioperatoria, complicaciones tardías, tiempo libre de enfermedad y supervivencia cáncer-específica en un grupo de pacientes ancianos con cáncer vesical infiltrante tratados mediante cistectomía radical, comparado al resto de pacientes de menor edad y analizar qué variables pudieron predecir la morbi-mortalidad perioperatoria. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con cáncer vesical infiltrante tratados mediante cistectomía radical y derivación ileal. Se compararon 2 grupos: <70 años en el momento de la realización de la cistectomía (n=55) y≥70 años (n=57). Resultados: No hubo diferencias entre ambos grupos con respecto a: tiempo quirúrgico, complicaciones intraoperatorias (<70=21,8%, ≥70=31,6%), mortalidad postoperatoria (<70=3,6%, ≥70=8,8%), complicaciones postoperatorias menores(<70=18,2%, ≥70=26,3%) y médicas (<70=7,3%, ≥70=8,8%), eventos tardíos, periodo libre de enfermedad y supervivencia cáncer-específica. El porcentaje de complicaciones mayores (<70=23,6%, ≥70=43,9%) y la estancia hospitalaria (<70=10,2,≥70=15,2 días) difieren significativamente entre ambos grupos. La edad y los factores de riesgo cardiacos predicen de manera independiente la aparición de complicaciones postoperatorias mayores. Conclusiones: La cistectomía radical puede ser realizada en pacientes ancianos seleccionados adecuadamente (AU)

Introduction: Radical cystectomy in elderly is a controversial issue that increases importance overtime because average life span is growing. Objetive: The porpouse of our work was to analize the differences about perioperative and later outcomes between ages of patients with muscle-invasive bladder neoplasm treated with radical cystectomy. Material and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Two age groups were compared: <70 years old at time of cystectomy (n=55) and ≥70 years(n=57).Results: There was no difference between both age groups about: time of surgery, intraoperative complications (<70=21,8%,≥70=31,6%), postoperative mortality (<70=3,6%, ≥70=8,8%), minor (<70=18,2%, ≥70=26,3%) and major medical postoperative complications (<70=7,3%, ≥70=8,8%), late outcomes as cancer-specific morby-mortality and actuarial overall survival stratified by patient age. The rate of major postoperative complications (<70=23,6%, ≥70=43,9%) as well as the mean length of hospital stay (<70=10,2, ≥70=15,2 days) differed significantly between the two age groups. Age and cardiovascular risk factors were independient predictive factors of mayor postoperative complications. Conclusions: Radical cystectomy could be performed in carefully selected elderly patients (AU)